Se libérer des datacenters et du cloud a une conséquence très matérielle pour Deuxfleurs et ses membres : il faut se procurer nos propres serveurs, pour pouvoir héberger nos propres services sur Internet. L’acquisition récente de 35 machines par Deuxfleurs est l’occasion pour nous de faire un point sur notre stratégie.
Pour rappel, un serveur c’est simplement un ordinateur qui est connecté à Internet, comme celui depuis lequel vous lisez cet article. La seule différence c’est qu’on installe des logiciels spécialisés dessus et qu’il doit rester allumé. C’est lui qui va alors contenir votre site web et le servir aux gens, réceptionner et envoyer vos emails, gérer votre visioconférence, etc ! Dans l’industrie, on a créé des ordinateurs spécialisés pour ces usages pour plein de raisons, mais ce n’est pas du tout nécessaire : n’importe quel ordinateur peut faire l’affaire.
Pour des raisons écologiques, de coût, et de place, Deuxfleurs a fait le choix d’utiliser, non pas des machines spécialisées, mais des vieux ordinateurs de bureau. Pour vous aider à visualiser, la photo ci-dessous représente probablement un de ces ordinateurs dans sa première vie. En effet, notre lot de 35 ordinateurs servait aux statisticiens de l’INSEE à Bordeaux, qui ont probablement renouvelé leur parc informatique pour des machines plus puissantes et ont vendus celles là.
Nous reviendrons plus tard sur la question écologique autour des ordinateurs, mais nous sommes convaincus que les ordinateurs “simples” que nous utilisons ont un impact environnementale moins important que les machines spécialisées. Pour les impatient·es, je vous renvoie vers l’article Empreinte de la fabrication d’un serveur de l’association Boazvita, qui montre entre autre qu’un ordinateur de bureau a une empreinte de fabrication plus faible qu’une machine spécialisée, appelée ici simplement « serveur ».
Si nous avons acheté autant de machines, c’est que nous voulons améliorer le service fourni par Deuxfleurs, avoir des pièces détachées en cas de panne, et pouvoir réaliser des tests sans impacter les gens. Actuellement, une grande partie de nos services sont hébergés sur seulement 3 machines, toutes à Rennes. C’est un point critique pour nous : par exemple, le 10 septembre 2021, 2000 foyers à Rennes étaient coupés d’électricité, et donc nos serveurs. Durant quelques heures, Deuxfleurs n’existait alors plus. Si une panne de 6 heures quelque fois par an nous semble acceptable, c’est aussi beaucoup de pression le reste du temps pour nous : par exemple, que se passe t’il si l’appartement disjoncte pendant les vacances ? Pour la pérennité de l’association, il est donc nécessaire d’avoir des ordinateurs ailleurs qu’à Rennes, qui soient gérés par d’autres membres.
Dans un premier temps, notre lot de machine servira à tester Garage sur un déploiement à travers plusieurs villes, puis nous ferons les mêmes tests avec nos autres logiciels. En effet, une telle infrastructure ne s’improvise pas et requiert de nombreux ajustements en amont.
Ensuite, une fois que nous serons prêt·es, nous fairons ce déploiement « pour de vrai » avec une partie de ces ordinateurs (nous essayons d’être le plus sobre là aussi), et nous espérons que le service n’en sera que meilleur. Les autres ordinateurs, une fois les tests terminés, serviront pour des pièces détachées en cas de panne, mais aussi pour de futurs tests.
Quant au coût pour l’association, nous avions prévu cet achat lors de notre demande de financement auprès de NGI, afin d’avoir du matériel de test pour Garage. C’est pourquoi ces machines seront donc fléchées dans un premier temps principalement vers ces usages.
Pour l’achat en lui-même, nous sommes passés par une enchère du Domaine de l’État que nous avons remporté pour 1388€. Par machine, cela fait un coût unitaire de 40€, soit le meilleur prix que nous aillions obtenu jusqu’ici (les machines de production à Rennes avaient coûté dans les 90€ pièce en occasion aussi). Garder nos coûts bas est également un critère important pour la pérennité de l’association, et ce modèle basé sur les ordinateurs de bureau d’occasion nous semble donc viable sur le long terme, en plus de donner une seconde vie à des ordinateurs.
Pour l’historique, je vous partage aussi le descriptif de l’annonce :
Lot de 35 ordinateurs composé de :
- 10 LENOVO Thinkcentre M710Q (2017), RAM 4Go, capacité 320 Go,
- 25 LENOVO Thinkcentre M73 Tiny (2016), RAM 4Go, capacité 320 Go, sans système d’exploitation, unités centrales vidées, avec leur câble d’alimentation.
Aujourd’hui (vendredi 4 février 2022), LX est allé récupérer à Bordeaux les 35 machines que vous pouvez voir ci-dessous, elles sont arrivées à bon port et sans encombre ! Elles seront dispatchées prochainement chez plusieurs membres de Deuxfleurs volontaires et ayant les connaissances techniques pour les faire fonctionner.
C’est un moment important dans la vie de Deuxfleurs, car l’association va pouvoir se donner réellement les moyens de construire sa propre infrastructure numérique, totalement autonome et indépendante des services de cloud et datacenters existants. Nous ne manquerons pas de vous tenir au courant au fur et à mesure de nos avancées :-)
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